Europe
Analysis of European economies, the eurozone, and European Union policy.
How Europe Is Rethinking Its Export Led Growth Model For A Riskier World
For more than a decade, Europe leaned heavily on external demand and current account surpluses. Now rising geopolitical risk, slower global trade and domestic underinvestment are forcing a rethink of that strategy, with the European Central Bank calling for stronger home grown demand.
Eurozone Recovery Divergence: North-South Growth Gap Persists
Why Germany and the Netherlands are underperforming Spain and Portugal in the current recovery cycle.
UK Post-Brexit Trade Performance and Regulatory Alignment Debate
Five years after the trade agreement, assessing the economic costs and the case for closer EU alignment.
German Industrial Output Decline and Manufacturing Sector Challenges
Structural factors behind Germany's prolonged manufacturing slump and the implications for Europe's largest economy.
ECB Monetary Policy Transmission in Fragmented Bond Markets
How the Transmission Protection Instrument is shaping sovereign spread dynamics across the eurozone.
Nordic Economies and the Green Transition Industrial Strategy
How Denmark, Sweden, and Finland are leveraging clean energy leadership for industrial competitiveness.
Eastern Europe Labour Migration and Demographic Pressures
The economic consequences of working-age population decline in Poland, Romania, and the Baltic states.
European Defence Spending Surge and Its Fiscal Implications
How NATO commitments and geopolitical pressures are reshaping European fiscal priorities and debt trajectories.